Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is a formal agreement between two or more parties that outlines the intentions and expectations of those parties regarding a specific project, collaboration, or relationship. An MOU is not legally binding…

Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is a formal agreement between two or more parties that outlines the intentions and expectations of those parties regarding a specific project, collaboration, or relationship. An MOU is not legally binding…

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) refer to the processes through which companies consolidate their assets, resources, and operations. A merger occurs when two companies agree to combine their operations into a single entity, while an acquisition is when one company purchases…

Metaverse The Metaverse is a collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality and persistent virtual reality. It encompasses a wide range of digital environments where users can interact with each other and the computer-generated…

A Micro-Cap Stock refers to a company with a small market capitalization, typically ranging from $50 million to $300 million. These stocks are often traded on smaller exchanges or over-the-counter (OTC) markets and can be more volatile than larger-cap stocks.Examples…

Microeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of resources. It focuses on supply and demand, price formation, and the interactions between consumers and producers in specific markets.Examples…

Minimum Efficient Scale (MES) refers to the lowest level of output at which a firm can achieve the lowest long-run average costs. At this scale, the firm operates efficiently, balancing production volume with operational costs. For instance, if a car…

A mixed economy is an economic system that combines elements of both capitalism and socialism. In a mixed economy, the means of production are owned and regulated by both private individuals and the government. This system aims to balance the…

Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) is an individual's total gross income after certain deductions and adjustments are made, used primarily to determine eligibility for various tax benefits, credits, and government programs.MAGI is calculated by taking the Adjusted Gross Income (AGI)…

Modified Gross Lease A modified gross lease is a type of commercial lease agreement where the tenant pays a base rent amount plus a portion of the property operating expenses. Unlike a gross lease where the landlord covers all expenses,…

A "Mom and Pop Shop" refers to a small, independently owned and operated business, typically run by a family or a couple. These establishments are often characterized by their personalized customer service, local focus, and community involvement, contrasting with larger…

Momentum trading is an investment strategy that involves buying securities that have shown an upward price trend and selling those that have shown a downward trend. The underlying principle is that assets that are moving in one direction will continue…

MonaCoin (MONA) is a decentralized cryptocurrency that originated in Japan, created in December 2013 by an anonymous developer known as Mr. Watanabe. It is based on the Litecoin protocol and utilizes a proof-of-work system for its blockchain. The currency is…

The "Monday Effect" refers to a phenomenon in finance and behavioral economics where stock returns on Mondays tend to be lower compared to other weekdays. This effect is often attributed to investor sentiment, where negative news over the weekend impacts…

Monero (XMR) is a decentralized cryptocurrency that focuses on privacy, security, and untraceability. Unlike Bitcoin, where transaction details are visible on a public ledger, Monero employs advanced cryptographic techniques to obfuscate sender and receiver addresses, as well as transaction amounts.Monero…

Money is a medium of exchange that facilitates the transfer of goods and services. It is also a unit of account and a store of value, enabling individuals and businesses to compare the value of diverse products and save for…

Money Laundering is the process of concealing the origins of illegally obtained money, typically by means of transfers involving foreign banks or legitimate businesses. It often involves three stages: placement, layering, and integration. In the placement stage, illicit funds are…

A Money Market Account (MMA) is a type of savings account that typically offers higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts while allowing limited check-writing and debit card access. MMAs invest in short-term, low-risk securities, making them relatively safe and…

Money Market Fund A Money Market Fund is a type of mutual fund that invests in short-term, high-quality debt instruments, such as Treasury bills, commercial paper, and certificates of deposit. These funds aim to provide investors with high liquidity and…

Money Mindset refers to the set of beliefs and attitudes that an individual holds about money and financial success. This mindset influences how a person thinks about wealth, how they manage finances, and their overall approach to earning, saving, and…

Money Order: A money order is a payment order for a pre-specified amount of money. It is a secure and guaranteed method of payment, as the amount is paid upfront to the issuer and can be used to pay for…

Money Supply refers to the total amount of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time. It includes various forms of money, such as cash, coins, and balances held in checking and savings accounts. The money supply is…

Money-Center Banks refer to large financial institutions that operate on a national and international scale, primarily in major cities. They are characterized by their ability to attract large deposits and provide a wide range of financial services, including commercial and…

Monopolistic competition is a market structure characterized by many firms competing with slightly differentiated products. In this type of market, each firm has some degree of market power, allowing them to set prices above marginal cost. The key features include:…

Monopoly refers to a market structure where a single seller or producer controls the entire supply of a product or service, giving them significant pricing power and market influence. This situation often arises when barriers to entry are high, preventing…