Bank Failure A bank failure occurs when a bank becomes insolvent and is unable to meet its obligations to depositors and creditors. This can happen due to a variety of factors, including poor management, inadequate capital, or significant loan losses.…

Bank Run: A bank run occurs when a large number of customers withdraw their deposits simultaneously, fearing that the bank will become insolvent. This can lead to a liquidity crisis for the bank, as banks typically do not keep enough…

Bankruptcy Bankruptcy is a legal status of a person or other entity that cannot repay the debts it owes to creditors. It is initiated by the debtor, which allows for the discharge of debts under the protection of the bankruptcy…

A basis point (bp) is a unit of measure used in finance to describe the percentage change in the value of a financial instrument. One basis point is equal to 1/100th of a percentage point, or 0.01%. Therefore, 100 basis…

A bear market is defined as a period in which the prices of securities fall by 20% or more from their recent highs, typically over a span of at least two months. This term is most commonly used to refer…

Bear Market Rally: A bear market rally refers to a short-term increase in the price of a security or a market index that occurs during a bear market. This rally can give the impression that the market has reversed its…

Bear Put Spread A bear put spread is an options trading strategy that involves buying a put option and simultaneously selling another put option with the same expiration date but a lower strike price. This strategy is used when an…

Behavioral finance is a field of study that combines psychology and economics to understand how emotional and cognitive biases influence the financial decisions of individuals and markets. It challenges the traditional assumption that investors are rational actors who make decisions…

Benchmark: A benchmark is a standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed. It is commonly used in various fields such as finance, education, and technology to evaluate performance, quality, or efficiency.Examples: In finance, a…

Benefactor: A benefactor is an individual or organization that provides financial or other support to a person, group, or institution, often in the form of a donation or gift, with the aim of promoting a cause, project, or organization.Examples: A…

A beneficiary is an individual or entity designated to receive benefits, assets, or funds from a legal arrangement, such as a trust, insurance policy, or will. This designation typically occurs upon the occurrence of a specified event, such as the…

Bernie Madoff refers to Bernard Lawrence Madoff, an American financier and former chairman of NASDAQ who was convicted of orchestrating one of the largest Ponzi schemes in history. Madoff's investment firm, Madoff Investment Securities LLC, falsely promised high returns to…

Beta refers to a measure or version that signifies a stage of development or quality in various contexts. In Finance: Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility in relation to the market. A beta of 1 indicates that the…

Bid: The bid price is the highest price that a buyer is willing to pay for a security or asset. It represents the demand for the asset. Ask: The ask price, also known as the offer price, is the lowest…

Bifurcation A bifurcation refers to a division or branching into two parts or categories. In mathematics, it often describes a change in the number or stability of equilibria in a system as a parameter varies. In other contexts, it can…

The "Big Four Accounting Firms" refers to the four largest professional services networks in the world, specializing in audit, tax, consulting, and financial advisory services. These firms are known for their extensive global reach, large client base, and significant influence…

Bill of Sale A Bill of Sale is a legal document that transfers ownership of personal property from one party to another. It serves as proof of the transaction and includes details such as the names of the buyer and…

Bitcoin ATM A Bitcoin ATM is a kiosk that allows individuals to buy and sometimes sell Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies using cash or debit cards. These machines connect to the internet and enable users to perform transactions by scanning their…

Bitcoin Cash (BCH) is a cryptocurrency that was created on August 1, 2017, as a result of a hard fork from Bitcoin (BTC). The primary motivation behind the creation of Bitcoin Cash was to increase the block size limit, allowing…

Bitcoin Halving is an event that occurs approximately every four years, reducing the reward that miners receive for adding new blocks to the Bitcoin blockchain by half. This mechanism is built into the Bitcoin protocol to control the supply of…

Bitcoin Whale refers to an individual or entity that holds a large amount of Bitcoin, typically enough to influence the market price through their buying or selling actions. A common threshold for being considered a whale is owning 1,000 BTC…

The "Bitcoin Whitepaper" refers to the original document titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System," written by an individual or group using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto and published in 2008. This whitepaper outlines the principles of Bitcoin, a decentralized digital…

Black Friday refers to the day following Thanksgiving in the United States, traditionally considered the beginning of the holiday shopping season. It falls on the fourth Thursday of November and is characterized by significant sales and discounts offered by retailers,…